A. Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text adalah jenis text berupa cerita khayalan, kisah nyata yang direkayasa, atau dongeng dalam Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk untuk menceritakan suatu kisah yang memiliki hubungan kronologi dari satu segmen cerita ke segmen selanjutnya dan bertujuan untuk untuk menghibur para pembaca/pendengar/penontonnya serta mempunyai pesan moral bagi para pembaca/pendengar/penontonnya.
Karena tujuannya untuk menghibur para pembaca/pendengar ataupun penontonnya maka tujuan dasar dari text narasi adalah untuk menarik minat pembaca/pendengar/penontonnya dengan menyajikan cerita atau peristiwa yang memiliki masalah yang menimbulkan konflik dan pada akhir cerita ada resolusinya atau akhir yang bahagia atau bahkan menyedihkan.
Sebenarnya teks narrative tidak hanya terbatas pada cerita yang berbau mistis, fiksi, legenda, dongeng ataupun fabel saja, tapi cerita lain yang berbentuk petualangan dan juga misteri. Tapi dalam pelajaran di sekolah, teks yang bergenre naratif biasanya hanya fokus pada cerita fairy tales, folk flore, legend, myth ataupun fable saja. Sementara yang lainnya yang berhubungan dengan narrative tidak di prioritaskan.
B. Jenis- Jenis Narrative
1. Fairy Tales : Cerita rakyat yang berhubungan dengan dongeng tentang peri (bidadari) ataupun cerita inspiratif lainnya tentang sisi gelap dan sisi terang dari sebuah kehidupan yang mempunyai pesan moral bagi manusia. Beberapa judul fairy tales yang terkenal di dunia adalah 1. Cinderella, 2. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, 3. Sleeping Beauty, 4. Rapunzel, 5. Little Red Riding Hood, dan 6. Pinnochio
2. Fable (fabel): Cerita yang menggambarkan tentang kebaikan dan kejahatan dari kehidupan binatang yang seolah-olah mampu berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Beberapa judul fables yang terkenal adalah 1.The Ant And The Grasshopper (cerita semut dan belalang), 2. The Smart Monkey And The Dull Crocodile (Cerita kera yang cerdik dan buaya yang bodoh), 3. The Ugly Duckling And New Friend (Cerita bebek buruk rupa dan teman barunya), 4. The Mouse Deer And The Tiger (cerita kancil dan harimau), 5. The Mouse Deer and The Elephant (cerita kancil dan gajah), 6. The Rabbit And The Bear (cerita kelinci dan beruang), 7. The Mouse Deer And Crocodile (cerita kancil dan buaya), 8. The Mouse And The Frog (cerita tikus dan katak), dan 9. The Crow and The Jug (cerita burung gagak dan kendi air).
3. Legend (legenda): Cerita rakyat yang menggambarkan bagaimana asal usul suatu tempat itu terjadi dan menjadi sebuah simbol sampai saat ini. Beberapa cerita legend yang terkenal adalah . 1.The Legend of Kawar Lake, 2. The legend of seagull, 3. The legend of Redhill, 4. The legend of Moon and Sun Gods, 5. The legend of Sangkuriang, 6. The legend of Banana, 7. The legend of Hongkong, 8. The legend of shuteye island, 9. The legend of Philipphines, 10. The legend of Nyi Roro Kidul, 11. The legend of Telaga Warna, 12. The Mount Tangkuban Perahu.
4. Folk Flore/Folk Tale : Cerita rakyat yang telah menjadi simbol dan tradisi pada suatu daerah dan telah di wariskan secara turun menurun. Beberapa cerita folk flore popluer adalah 1. Sangkuriang, 2. Golden Eggs, 3. Seeking at The Great Wall, 4. Timun Emas – Indonesian Folktale, 5. Ali Baba, dan 6. Jaka Tarub and Seven Angels
5. Myth : Cerita mitos yang beredar di masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan/tradisi atas larangan dan perintah dari cerita tersebut sehingga membuat sebagian masyarakat disuatu daerah tertentu percaya bahwa cerita itu benar/faktual. Contoh myths paling populer adalah 1. Pandora’s jar 2. The queen of southern sea, 3. The Story of Romulus and Remus, 4. Myths Around Hercules, 5. The myth of mermaids, 6. Macha, goddess of the horses, and 7. The message of the butterflies
C. Generic Structure of Narrative Text
1.Orientation: Pendahuluan atau pembuka yang berupa pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat sehingga pada orientation dapat menjawab pertanyaan 5 W 1 H = Who, What, Why, Where, When dan How.
2.Complication: Pengembangan konflik atau pemunculan masalah pada cerita.
3.Resolution: Penyelesaian konflik atau langkah yang diambil untuk merespons masalah.
4.Re-orientation: Ungkapan – ungkapan penutup yang menunjukan berakhirnya suatu cerita. Re-orientation bersifat opsional atau tidak selalu ada pada narrative text.
5.Coda: Perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran/ nilai moral yang bisa dipetik dari cerita. Coda juga bersifat opsional.
D. Ciri-ciri Narrative Text
1.Fokus pada satu tokoh atau pelaku dan biasanya individual sehingga biasanya menggunakan kata ganti seperti “I, we, she, he”.
2.Paling sering menggunakan past tense baik itu simple past tense, past continuous, maupun bentuk past tense lainnya.
3.Terkadang menggunakan dialog untuk mengajak pembaca berimajinasi sehingga ceritanya terlihat lebih jelas dan nyata.
4.Karena berurutan (kronologis), maka biasanya juga menggunakan kata sambung (conjunction) agar cerita terlihat runtut atau urut
5.Noun: pada umumnya kata benda (noun) digunakan sebagai kata ganti orang hewan, atau benda dalam cerita, misalnya stepmother, the dwarfs, carriage, dan lain-lain.
6.Past tense: narrative text menggunakan kata kerja bentuk lampau (verb 2), misalnya went, ate, met, dan lain-lain.
7.Time connective: merupakan kata penghubung waktu untuk mengurutkan kejadian, misalnya after, before, after that, dan lain sebagainya.
8.Action verbs: kata kerja yang menunjukan peristiwa atau kegiatan, misalnya stayed, climbed, wrote, dan lain-lain.
9.Saying and thinking verb: kata kerja yang menunjukan pelaporan atau ujaran, misalnya said, told, thought, dan lain sebagainya.
E. Contoh Soal Narrative
Read the text, then choose the best choice to each questions!
Text 1
A Woman and the Wolves
A long time ago, very few people lived in the New Territories. There were only a few villages. If the people wanted to go from one village to another, they often had to pass through wild and unsafe forest.
One day, a farmer’s young wife went to the next village to visit her own mother and brother. She brought along her baby son. When it was time for her to leave, her brother said “ it is getting dark. Let my son, Ah Tim go with you though the forest.”
So Ah Tim led the way and the young woman followed behind, carrying her baby. When they were in the forest, suddenly they saw a group of wolves. They began to run to avoid the danger, but Ah Tim kicked against a stone and fell down. At once the wolves caught him. The young woman cried to the wolves, “ please eat my own son instead.” Then, she put her baby son on the ground in front of the wolves and took her nephew away.
Everyone understood that this was because the woman was very good and kind. She had offered her own son’s life to save her nephew.
They ran back to the house and called for help. All men in the village fetched thick sticks and went back with her into the forest. When they got there, they saw something very strange. Instead of eating the woman’s baby the wolves were playing with him.
1. What separated between one village to another a long time ago in the New Territories ?
a. Another village
b. Mountains
c. Forests
d. Hills ve. Towers and logs
2. Who was Ah Tim ?
a. The young woman’s brother
b. The young woman’s son
c. The young woman’s brother and nephew
d. The young woman’s brother’s son
e. One of the men who fetched a stick
3. Who walked in front when they were in the forest ?
a. Ah Tm
b. The woman
c. The woman’s son
d. Her brother’s nephew
e. The baby and his mother
4. How could the wolves catch Ah Tim ?
a. He was afraid
b. He was stumbled by a stone
c. He ran slowly
d. The woman cried
e. The wolves were good runners
5. The woman gave her son to the wolves because
a. She loved her nephew than her son.
b. She thought about how her brother would be
c. She wanted her son was eaten by the wolves
d. She was crazy
e. She kept a grudge on his brother
6. What did the villagers bring sticks for ?
a. For the weapon to beat the wolves
b. To bring the woman’s nephew
c. For the fire woods.
d. For play
e. For building a house for the woman.
7. “ all men in the village fetched thick stick … “ the word “ fetched” has a similar meaning to :
a. Received
b. Caught
c. Got
d. Hit
e. Lifted
8. From the passage we learn that the villages were ….
a. Located in one huge area
b. Situated in a large district
c. Separated by untamed jungles.
d. Wild and unsafe
e. Dark and very dangerous
9. The brother let her son go with his aunt as she left home because ….
a. Ah Tim wanted to see the wolves
b. His aunt wanted him to come long
c. Ah Tim was bored to live with his parents
d. The baby was too cute to be alone
e. Ah Tim would be a guardian for them
10. What is the purpose of the writer by writing the story above ?
a. To describe the danger of the villages
b. To entertain the readers of the story
c. To tell the villagers’ relationship
d. To explain how important a relative is
e. To narrate how the wolves were playing with the baby.
Text 2
The Lion King
In the Pride Lands of Africa, a lion ruled over the animals as a king. The birth of King Mufasa and Queen Sarabi’s son Simba created envy and resentment in Mufasa’s younger brother, Scar, who knew his nephew now replaced him as heir to the throne. After Simba had grown into a young cub, Mufasa gave him a tour of the Pride Lands, teaching him the responsibilities of being a king and the Circle of Life. Later that day, Scar tricked Simba and his best friend Nala into exploring a forbidden elephant graveyard, despite the protests of Mufasa’s hornbill majordomo Zazu. At the graveyard, three spotted hyenas named Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed attack the cubs before Mufasa, alerted by Zazu, saved them and forgave Simba for his actions. That night, the hyenas, who were allied with Scar, plot with him to kill Mufasa and Simba.
The next day Scar lured Simba to a gorge and told him to wait there while he got Mufasa. On Scar’s orders, the hyenas stampeded a large herd of wildebeest into the gorge. Mufasa saved Simba, but as Mufasa tried to climb up the gorge’s walls, Scar threw him back into the stampede, where he was trampled to death. After Simba found Mufasa’s body, Scar convinced him he was responsible for his father’s death and advised Simba to flee the kingdom. As Simba left, Scar ordered Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed to kill the cub, but Simba escaped. That night, Scar announced to the pride that both Mufasa and Simba were killed in the stampede and stepped forward as the new king, allowing a pack of hyenas to live in the Pride Lands.
After running far away, Simba collapsed from exhaustion in a desert. Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and a warthog, found him and nursed him back to health. Simba subsequently grew up with them in the jungle, living a carefree life with his friends under the motto “Hakuna Matata” (“no worries” in Swahili). When he was a young adult, Simba saved Timon and Pumbaa from a hungry lioness, who turned out to be Nala. She and Simba reconciled and fell in love. Nala urged Simba to return home, telling him the Pride Lands had become a wasteland with not enough food and water. Feeling guilty over his father’s death, Simba refused and stormed off, leaving Nala disappointed and angry. As Simba exited the jungle, he encountered Mufasa’s mandrill friend and advisor, Rafiki. Rafiki told Simba that Mufasa was “alive” and took him to a pond. There Simba was visited by the ghost of Mufasa in the sky, who told him he took his rightful place as the king of the Pride Lands. Simba realized he could no longer run from his past and went home. Nala, Timon, and Pumbaa joined him and agreed to help him.
At the Pride Lands, Simba saw Scar hit Sarabi and confronted him, but Scar taunted Simba over his “part” in Mufasa’s death. However, when Scar pushed Simba to the edge of Pride Rock, he revealed that he killed Mufasa. Enraged, Simba roared back up and forced Scar to reveal the truth to the pride. Timon, Pumbaa, Rafiki, Zazu, and the lionesses fended off the hyenas while Scar, attempting to escape, was cornered by Simba at the top of Pride Rock. Scar begged Simba for mercy, insisting that he was family and placing the blame on the hyenas. Simba no longer believed Scar but spared his life on the grounds of forever leaving the Pride Lands. Scar appeared to comply but then attacked his nephew. After a fierce fighting, Simba threw his uncle off Pride Rock. Scar survived the fall but was attacked and eaten alive by the hyenas, who overheard his attempted to betray them.
Questions
1. How many main characters were in this story?
2. Who was Mufasa?
3. Where did they live?
4. Who was the king after Mufasa?
5. Why did Simba leave the Pride Lands when he was young?
6. Who was Nala?
7. What were the characters of Timon?
8. When did Simba go back to Pride Land?
9. What did Simba do to Scar?
10.What was the ending of the story?
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